The Battle of Hayes Pond: How Indian Country Defeated the KKK
By Brandon Weber, Contributing Writer
In 1957, Ku Klux Klan Grand Dragon James William “Catfish” Cole began a campaign of harassment designed to intimidate the Lumbee community of North Carolina. Declaring war, Cole told newspapers, “There’s about thirty thousand half-breeds up there in Robeson County, and we are gonna have some cross burnings and scare them up.” Cole and his followers believed that the tribe would be easily frightened, and then discovered they were horribly mistaken.
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